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MERN Stack

Oct 2026 4 Months

Program Outcomes

At the completion of the program the learners will be able to:


Develop and deploy dynamic web applications using the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js) with real-world project implementation.

Learn to create secure RESTful APIs, connect databases, and build interactive UIs using React with proper state management and routing.

Apply modern practices in authentication, error handling, testing, and deployment, ensuring scalable and maintainable code.

Indicative Content

Web Foundations – HTML5, CSS3 & Responsive Design

  • Semantic HTML5 structure, forms & accessibility basics
  • CSS3 box model, Flexbox & CSS Grid layouts
  • Responsive, mobile-first design & media queries
  • Modern utility-first styling: intro to Tailwind CSS
  • Git & GitHub – version control fundamentals

Modern JavaScript (ES6+)

  • Variables, data types, functions & scope
  • Arrow functions, template literals, destructuring, spread/rest
  • Array & object methods, higher-order functions
  • Promises, async/await & the Fetch API
  • DOM manipulation & event handling

React.js Fundamentals

  • JSX syntax & functional components
  • Props, state & component composition
  • React Hooks – useState, useEffect, useContext
  • Conditional rendering, lists, keys & forms

React Routing, State Patterns & Mini Project 1

  • Client-side routing with React Router
  • Lifting state up & component composition patterns
  • Introduction to Context API for shared state
  • Mini Project 1: multi-page responsive React application

Node.js & Express.js Fundamentals

  • Node.js runtime, modules & the event loop
  • Setting up an Express.js server
  • Routing, middleware & the request/response lifecycle
  • Environment configuration with dotenv

RESTful API Design & CRUD Operations

  • REST principles & API design conventions
  • Building Create, Read, Update, Delete endpoints
  • Request validation & centralised error handling
  • API testing & documentation with Postman

Database Design with MongoDB

  • NoSQL concepts & document-oriented data modelling
  • Schema design with Mongoose
  • CRUD queries, filtering, sorting & pagination
  • Relationships – referencing vs embedding documents

Authentication, Authorization & Mini Project 2

  • Password hashing & secure credential storage
  • Token-based authentication with JWT
  • Role-based access control & OAuth 2.0-based login
  • Mini Project 2: a documented, authenticated REST API

TypeScript Fundamentals

  • Introduction to TypeScript: types, interfaces & type inference
  • Migrating a React component to TypeScript (typing props & state)
  • Typing Express routes, request/response objects & middleware
  • Generics basics & typing API responses end-to-end

Connecting the Stack – Front-End to Back-End

  • Consuming REST APIs from React using fetch/Axios
  • Handling loading, error & success states in the UI
  • Environment variables & API base URL configuration
  • CORS configuration between client and server

Advanced State Management

  • Global state with Context API vs. Redux Toolkit
  • Synchronising client state with server data
  • API integration patterns – caching & optimistic updates
  • Introduction to React Query for server-state management

Testing Across the Stack

  • Unit testing React components with Jest & React Testing Library
  • Integration & API testing for Express endpoints
  • Writing testable, maintainable code
  • Basics of test-driven development (TDD)

Security, Performance & Mini Project 3

  • Common web security practices – input sanitisation, rate limiting, HTTPS
  • Performance optimisation – lazy loading, memoisation, query indexing
  • Application performance monitoring basics
  • Mini Project 3: a full-stack feature with tests and optimisation applied

AI Integration Across the Stack

  • Calling AI APIs (OpenAI / Claude) from the Node backend
  • Building AI-assisted features in the React front-end
  • Using AI coding assistants throughout the development workflow
  • Reviewing AI-generated code – checking for security issues, hardcoded secrets & correctness before committing
  • Handling API keys, rate limits & error responses securely

DevOps, CI/CD & Deployment

  • Environment configuration for production
  • Deploying the React front-end (Netlify/Vercel)
  • Deploying the Node/Express backend & MongoDB Atlas database
  • Introduction to Docker & basic CI/CD pipelines with GitHub Actions

Capstone Project – Planning & Build

  • Requirement gathering & planning a complete MERN application
  • Database schema design & API architecture for the capstone
  • Building core features – authentication, CRUD, AI-assisted feature
  • Weekly mentor review & code walkthroughs

Capstone Project – Completion, Deployment & Presentation

  • Final integration, bug fixing & polish
  • Deploying the complete application end-to-end
  • Preparing project documentation & a demo walkthrough
  • Final presentation to a review panel
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